RESUMO Diante da carência de estudos sobre a frequência de dermatopatias que acometem cães por região geográfica no Brasil, o presente estudo objetivou conhecer a frequência das principais doenças cutâneas que afetam cães na região metropolitana de João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados de cães que passaram por atendimento dermatológico no período de setembro de 2014 a dezembro de 2016. Além dos exames clínicos e dermatológicos os cães foram submetidos a exames complementares (citológico, raspado de pele, parasitológico, tricograma, bacteriológico, micológico, histopatológico e molecular). No período do estudo, foram atendidos 1.083 cães, em que 18,65% (202/1.083) apresentavam algum tipo de dermatopatia não tumoral. Dos 202 cães acometidos, 51,49% (104/202) eram machos e 48,51% (98/202), fêmeas. Desses 202 cães, 13 tinham dois diagnósticos, totalizando 215 dermatopatias. Dos cães afetados, 62,87% (127/202) eram de raça definida e 37,13% (75/202), sem raça definida (SRD). As lesões observadas com mais frequência caracterizaram-se por áreas alopécicas, hipotricoicas, maculosas, erosivas e ulcerativas, placoides, eritematosas, assim como comedões, colaretes, seborreia. As dermatopatias parasitárias foram as mais frequentes (35,35%; 76/215), seguidas pelas dermatopatias bacterianas (24,19%; 52/215), dermatopatias alérgicas (20,00%; 43/215), dermatopatias fúngicas (17,21%; 37/215), dermatopatias por outras causas (2,32%; 5/215) e pelas dermatopatias autoimunes (0,93%; 2/215). Os exames físicos e dermatológicos, incluindo anamnese detalhada, histórico clínico apurado, associado a exames complementares, são ferramentas importantes para o diagnóstico das dermatopatias em cães. Presume-se que a frequência de dermatopatias em cães na região de estudo possa ser maior do que a observada.
ABSTRACT Faced with the lack of studies on the frequency of dermatopathies that affect dogs by geographical region in Brazil, the present study aimed to evaluate the frequency of dermatopathies that affect the canine species in the metropolitan region of João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. Data was collected from dogs that underwent dermatological care from September 2014 to December 2016. In addition to the clinical and dermatological examinations, dogs underwent complementary exams, such as cytological, skin scraping, parasitological skin examination, trichogram, bacteriological, mycological, histopathological and/or polymerase chain reaction. During the study period, 1,083 dogs were examined, in which 18.65% (202 /1,083) had some form of non-tumoral dermatopathy. Of the 202 dogs affected, 51.49% (104/202) were males and 48.51% (98/202) females. Of these 202 dogs, thirteen had two diagnoses, totaling 215 dermatopathies. 62.87% (127/202) of the affected dogs were purebred and 37.13% (75/202) were without a defined breed (WDB). The most frequently observed lesions were alopecia, hypotric, macular, erosive and ulcerative, placoid, erythematous areas, as well as comedones, collaretes and seborrhoea. The parasitic dermatopathies were the most frequent (35.35%; 76/215), followed by bacterial dermatopathies (24,19%; 52/215), allergic dermatopathies (20,00%; 43/215), dermatomycosis (17,21%; 37/215), dermatopathies for other causes (2,32%; 5/215) and autoimmune dermatopathies (0.93%; 2/215). Clinical and dermatological examination, including a detailed anamnesis, accurate clinical history and associated complementary exams are important tools for the diagnosis of dermatopathies in dogs. Available literature present some studies with canine dermatopathies frequencies superior to that obtained in the present study; however, the number of animals examined was smaller. In this survey, it was possible to establish the primary and secondary diagnoses in 100.0% of the non-tumoral dermatopathies in dogs, results higher than in previous studies. Probably, the frequency of canine dermatopathies in this region is higher than that observed, thus requiring additional studies with greater sampling.
